The Center of Mosque Studies - The men, aged between 17 and 29, are accused of being party to a "criminal terrorist conspiracy”, and of links to Logan Alexandre Nisin, a militant who was arrested near Marseille in June.
Nisin is the founder of a group dubbed OAS. He was detained after posting that he planned to attack black people, Muslims, migrants and "scum”.
The 21-year-old had earlier come to the attention of French authorities as the administrator of a Facebook page glorifying neo-Nazi Anders Behring Breivik, who killed 77 people in a bomb and gun rampage in 2011 in Norway.
The prosecutor’s office in Paris said the group formed by Nisin "had plans to commit violent actions with vague outlines”.
Anti-terror police had arrested 10 people on Tuesday over the alleged plot, but two of them, including Nisin’s mother, were released, the Paris prosecutor’s office said, The Guardian reported.
Among the potential targets for attacks were places of worship, including mosques, politicians, "people of North African descent or black people” and "anti-fascist” activists, a source said.
"The organization was planning purchases of weapons and paramilitary training. Some were already trained in shooting,” the source added.
OAS was the acronym for the Secret Army Organization, a French far right paramilitary group that fought to stop Algerian independence.
Nisin was formerly active in the far right political group Action Francaise.
France remains under an enhanced security status. Parliament on Wednesday adopted a tough anti-terror bill which replaced a state of emergency imposed in 2015 after terrorist attacks in Paris.